Legend:
 Definition
 Field
Listing
 Rank
Order
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Background:
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As the dominant industrial and maritime power of the 19th
century, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
played a leading role in developing parliamentary democracy
and in advancing literature and science. At its zenith, the
British Empire stretched over one-fourth of the earth's
surface. The first half of the 20th century saw the UK's
strength seriously depleted in two World Wars and the Irish
republic withdraw from the union. The second half witnessed
the dismantling of the Empire and the UK rebuilding itself
into a modern and prosperous European nation. As one of five
permanent members of the UN Security Council, a founding
member of NATO, and of the Commonwealth, the UK pursues a
global approach to foreign policy; it currently is weighing
the degree of its integration with continental Europe. A
member of the EU, it chose to remain outside the Economic
and Monetary Union for the time being. Constitutional reform
is also a significant issue in the UK. The Scottish
Parliament, the National Assembly for Wales, and the
Northern Ireland Assembly were established in 1999, but the
latter was suspended until May 2007 due to wrangling over
the peace process.
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Location:
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Western Europe, islands including the northern one-sixth of
the island of Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and
the North Sea, northwest of France |
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Geographic coordinates:
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54 00 N, 2 00 W
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Map references:
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Europe |
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Area:
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total: 244,820 sq km
land: 241,590 sq km
water: 3,230 sq km
note: includes Rockall and Shetland Islands |
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Area - comparative:
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slightly smaller than Oregon |
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Land boundaries:
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total: 360 km
border countries: Ireland 360 km |
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Coastline:
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12,429 km |
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Maritime claims:
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territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: as defined in continental shelf
orders or in accordance with agreed upon boundaries |
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Climate:
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temperate; moderated by prevailing southwest winds over the
North Atlantic Current; more than one-half of the days are
overcast |
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Terrain:
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mostly rugged hills and low mountains; level to rolling
plains in east and southeast |
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: The Fens -4 m
highest point: Ben Nevis 1,343 m |
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Natural resources:
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coal, petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, lead, zinc, gold,
tin, limestone, salt, clay, chalk, gypsum, potash, silica
sand, slate, arable land |
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Land use:
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arable land: 23.23%
permanent crops: 0.2%
other: 76.57% (2005)
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Irrigated land:
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1,700 sq km (2003)
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Natural hazards:
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winter windstorms; floods |
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Environment - current issues:
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continues to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (has met Kyoto
Protocol target of a 12.5% reduction from 1990 levels and
intends to meet the legally binding target and move toward a
domestic goal of a 20% cut in emissions by 2010); by 2005
the government reduced the amount of industrial and
commercial waste disposed of in landfill sites to 85% of
1998 levels and recycled or composted at least 25% of
household waste, increasing to 33% by 2015 |
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen
Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air
Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic
Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,
Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals,
Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the
Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical
Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected
agreements |
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Geography - note:
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lies near vital North Atlantic sea lanes; only 35 km from
France and linked by tunnel under the English Channel;
because of heavily indented coastline, no location is more
than 125 km from tidal waters |
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Population:
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60,776,238 (July 2007 est.) |
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Age structure:
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0-14 years: 17.2% (male 5,349,053/female 5,095,837)
15-64 years: 67% (male 20,605,031/female 20,104,313)
65 years and over: 15.8% (male 4,123,464/female
5,498,540) (2007 est.) |
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Median age:
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total: 39.6 years
male: 38.5 years
female: 40.7 years (2007 est.)
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Population growth rate:
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0.275% (2007 est.)
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Birth rate:
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10.67 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
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Death rate:
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10.09 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
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Net migration rate:
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2.17 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
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Sex ratio:
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at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.025 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female
total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
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Infant mortality rate:
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total: 5.01 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.58 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total population: 78.7 years
male: 76.23 years
female: 81.3 years (2007 est.)
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Total fertility rate:
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1.66 children born/woman (2007 est.)
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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0.2% (2001 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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51,000 (2001 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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less than 500 (2003 est.) |
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Nationality:
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noun: Briton(s), British (collective plural)
adjective: British |
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Ethnic groups:
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white (of which English 83.6%, Scottish 8.6%, Welsh 4.9%,
Northern Irish 2.9%) 92.1%, black 2%, Indian 1.8%, Pakistani
1.3%, mixed 1.2%, other 1.6% (2001 census) |
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Religions:
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Christian (Anglican, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian,
Methodist) 71.6%, Muslim 2.7%, Hindu 1%, other 1.6%,
unspecified or none 23.1% (2001 census) |
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Languages:
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English, Welsh (about 26% of the population of Wales),
Scottish form of Gaelic (about 60,000 in Scotland) |
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Literacy:
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definition: age 15 and over has completed five or
more years of schooling
total population: 99%
male: 99%
female: 99% (2003 est.)
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Country name:
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conventional long form: United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland; note - Great Britain includes
England, Scotland, and Wales
conventional short form: United Kingdom
abbreviation: UK |
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Government type:
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constitutional monarchy |
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Capital:
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name: London
geographic coordinates: 51 30 N, 0 10 W
time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington,
DC during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in
March; ends last Sunday in October
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Administrative divisions:
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England: 34 two-tier counties, 32 London boroughs and
1 City of London or Greater London, 36 metropolitan
counties, 46 unitary authorities
two-tier counties: Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire,
Cambridgeshire, Cheshire, Cornwall and Isles of Scilly,
Cumbria, Derbyshire, Devon, Dorset, Durham, East Sussex,
Essex, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Hertfordshire, Kent,
Lancashire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Norfolk, North
Yorkshire, Northamptonshire, Northumberland,
Nottinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Shropshire, Somerset,
Staffordshire, Suffolk, Surrey, Warwickshire, West Sussex,
Wiltshire, Worcestershire
London boroughs and City of London or Greater London:
Barking and Dagenham, Barnet, Bexley, Brent, Bromley,
Camden, Croydon, Ealing, Enfield, Greenwich, Hackney,
Hammersmith and Fulham, Haringey, Harrow, Havering,
Hillingdon, Hounslow, Islington, Kensington and Chelsea,
Kingston upon Thames, Lambeth, Lewisham, City of London,
Merton, Newham, Redbridge, Richmond upon Thames, Southwark,
Sutton, Tower Hamlets, Waltham Forest, Wandsworth,
Westminster
metropolitan counties: Barnsley, Birmingham, Bolton,
Bradford, Bury, Calderdale, Coventry, Doncaster, Dudley,
Gateshead, Kirklees, Knowlsey, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester,
Newcastle upon Tyne, North Tyneside, Oldham, Rochdale,
Rotherham, Salford, Sandwell, Sefton, Sheffield, Solihull,
South Tyneside, St. Helens, Stockport, Sunderland, Tameside,
Trafford, Wakefield, Walsall, Wigan, Wirral, Wolverhampton
unitary authorities: Bath and North East Somerset,
Blackburn with Darwen, Blackpool, Bournemouth, Bracknell
Forest, Brighton and Hove, City of Bristol, Darlington,
Derby, East Riding of Yorkshire, Halton, Hartlepool, County
of Herefordshire, Ile of Wight, City of Kingston upon Hull,
Leicester, Luton, Medway, Middlesbrough, Milton Keynes,
North East Lincolnshire, North Lincolnshire, North Somerset,
Nottingham, Peterborough, Plymouth, Poole, Portsmouth,
Reading, Redcar and Cleveland, Rutland, Slough, South
Gloucestershire, Southampton, Southend-on-Sea,
Stockton-on-Tees, Stoke-on-Trent, Swindon, Telford and
Wrekin, Thurrock, Torbay, Warrington, West Berkshire,
Windsor and Maidenhead, Wokingham, York
Northern Ireland: 26 district council areas
district council areas: Antrim, Ards, Armagh,
Ballymena, Ballymoney, Banbridge, Belfast, Carrickfergus,
Castlereagh, Coleraine, Cookstown, Craigavon, Derry, Down,
Dungannon, Fermanagh, Larne, Limavady, Lisburn, Magherafelt,
Moyle, Newry and Mourne, Newtownabbey, North Down, Omagh,
Strabane
Scotland: 32 unitary authorities
unitary authorities: Aberdeen City, Aberdeenshire,
Angus, Argyll and Bute, Clackmannanshire, Dumfries and
Galloway, Dundee City, East Ayrshire, East Dunbartonshire,
East Lothian, East Renfrewshire, City of Edinburgh, Eilean
Siar (Western Isles), Falkirk, Fife, Glasgow City, Highland,
Inverclyde, Midlothian, Moray, North Ayrshire, North
Lanarkshire, Orkney Islands, Perth and Kinross,
Renfrewshire, Shetland Islands, South Ayrshire, South
Lanarkshire, Stirling, The Scottish Borders, West
Dunbartonshire, West Lothian
Wales: 22 unitary authorities
unitary authorities: Blaenau Gwent; Bridgend;
Caerphilly; Cardiff; Carmarthenshire; Ceredigion; Conwy;
Denbighshire; Flintshire; Gwynedd; Isle of Anglesey; Merthyr
Tydfil; Monmouthshire; Neath Port Talbot; Newport;
Pembrokeshire; Powys; Rhondda, Cynon, Taff; Swansea; The
Vale of Glamorgan; Torfaen; Wrexham |
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Dependent areas:
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Anguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British
Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Gibraltar,
Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, Saint Helena, South Georgia
and the South Sandwich Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands
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Independence:
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England has existed as a unified entity since the 10th
century; the union between England and Wales, begun in 1284
with the Statute of Rhuddlan, was not formalized until 1536
with an Act of Union; in another Act of Union in 1707,
England and Scotland agreed to permanently join as Great
Britain; the legislative union of Great Britain and Ireland
was implemented in 1801, with the adoption of the name the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; the Anglo-Irish
treaty of 1921 formalized a partition of Ireland; six
northern Irish counties remained part of the United Kingdom
as Northern Ireland and the current name of the country, the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, was
adopted in 1927 |
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National holiday:
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the UK does not celebrate one particular national holiday
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Constitution:
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unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice
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Legal system:
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based on common law tradition with early Roman and modern
continental influences; has nonbinding judicial review of
Acts of Parliament under the Human Rights Act of 1998;
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations |
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Suffrage:
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18 years of age; universal |
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Executive branch:
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chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February
1952); Heir Apparent Prince CHARLES (son of the queen, born
14 November 1948)
head of government: Prime Minister Gordon BROWN
(since 27 June 2007)
cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the prime
minister
elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary;
following legislative elections, the leader of the majority
party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually the
prime minister |
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Legislative branch:
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bicameral Parliament consists of House of Lords (618 seats;
consisting of approximately 500 life peers, 92 hereditary
peers, and 26 clergy) and House of Commons (646 seats since
2005 elections; members are elected by popular vote to serve
five-year terms unless the House is dissolved earlier)
elections: House of Lords - no elections (note - in
1999, as provided by the House of Lords Act, elections were
held in the House of Lords to determine the 92 hereditary
peers who would remain there; elections are held only as
vacancies in the hereditary peerage arise); House of Commons
- last held 5 May 2005 (next to be held by May 2010)
election results: House of Commons - percent of vote
by party - Labor 35.2%, Conservative 32.3%, Liberal
Democrats 22%, other 10.5%; seats by party - Labor 356,
Conservative 197, Liberal Democrat 62, other 31; seats by
party in the House of Commons as of 26 June 2007 - Labor
353, Conservative 195, Liberal Democrat 63, Scottish
National Party/Plaid Cymru 9, Democratic Unionist 9, Sinn
Fein 5, other 12
note: in 1998 elections were held for a Northern
Ireland Assembly (because of unresolved disputes among
existing parties, the transfer of power from London to
Northern Ireland came only at the end of 1999 and has been
suspended four times, the latest occurring in October 2002
and lasting until 8 May 2007); in 1999, there were elections
for a Scottish Parliament and a Welsh Assembly |
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Judicial branch:
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House of Lords (highest court of appeal; several Lords of
Appeal in Ordinary are appointed by the monarch for life);
Supreme Courts of England, Wales, and Northern Ireland
(comprising the Courts of Appeal, the High Courts of
Justice, and the Crown Courts); Scotland's Court of Session
and Court of the Justiciary |
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Political parties and leaders:
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Conservative and Unionist Party [David CAMERON]; Democratic
Unionist Party (Northern Ireland) [Rev. Ian PAISLEY]; Labor
Party [Gordon BROWN]; Liberal Democrats [acting leader Vince
CABLE]; Party of Wales (Plaid Cymru) [Ieuan Wyn JONES];
Scottish National Party or SNP [Alex SALMOND]; Sinn Fein
(Northern Ireland) [Gerry ADAMS]; Social Democratic and
Labor Party or SDLP (Northern Ireland) [Mark DURKAN]; Ulster
Unionist Party (Northern Ireland) [Sir Reg EMPEY] |
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament; Confederation of British
Industry; National Farmers' Union; Trades Union Congress
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International organization participation:
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AfDB, Arctic Council (observer), AsDB, Australia Group, BIS,
C, CBSS (observer), CDB, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA, EU,
FAO, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt,
ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO,
Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NATO,
NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA,
PIF (partner), SECI (observer), UN, UN Security Council,
UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS,
UNMOVIC, UNOMIG, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WEU, WHO, WIPO,
WMO, WTO, ZC |
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador Sir Nigel E. SHEINWALD
chancery: 3100 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington,
DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 588-6500
FAX: [1] (202) 588-7870
consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago,
Houston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco
consulate(s): Dallas, Denver, Miami, Orlando |
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador Robert Holmes TUTTLE
embassy: 24 Grosvenor Square, London, W1A 1AE
mailing address: PSC 801, Box 40, FPO AE 09498-4040
telephone: [44] (0) 20 7499-9000
FAX: [44] (0) 20 7629-9124
consulate(s) general: Belfast, Edinburgh |
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Flag description:
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blue field with the red cross of Saint George (patron saint
of England) edged in white superimposed on the diagonal red
cross of Saint Patrick (patron saint of Ireland), which is
superimposed on the diagonal white cross of Saint Andrew
(patron saint of Scotland); properly known as the Union
Flag, but commonly called the Union Jack; the design and
colors (especially the Blue Ensign) have been the basis for
a number of other flags including other Commonwealth
countries and their constituent states or provinces, and
British overseas territories
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Economy - overview:
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The UK, a leading trading power and financial center, is one
of the quintet of trillion dollar economies of Western
Europe. Over the past two decades, the government has
greatly reduced public ownership and contained the growth of
social welfare programs. Agriculture is intensive, highly
mechanized, and efficient by European standards, producing
about 60% of food needs with less than 2% of the labor
force. The UK has large coal, natural gas, and oil reserves;
primary energy production accounts for 10% of GDP, one of
the highest shares of any industrial nation. Services,
particularly banking, insurance, and business services,
account by far for the largest proportion of GDP while
industry continues to decline in importance. GDP growth
slipped in 2001-03 as the global downturn, the high value of
the pound, and the bursting of the "new economy" bubble hurt
manufacturing and exports. Output recovered in 2004, to 3.2%
growth, then slowed to 1.7% in 2005 and 2.7% in 2006. The
economy is one of the strongest in Europe; inflation,
interest rates, and unemployment remain low. The relatively
good economic performance has complicated the BLAIR
government's efforts to make a case for Britain to join the
European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). Critics point
out that the economy is doing well outside of EMU, and
public opinion polls show a majority of Britons are opposed
to the euro. Meantime, the government has been speeding up
the improvement of education, transport, and health
services, at a cost in higher taxes and a widening public
deficit.
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GDP (purchasing power parity):
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$1.928 trillion (2006 est.) |
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GDP (official exchange rate):
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$2.346 trillion (2006 est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate:
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2.8% (2006 est.) |
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GDP - per capita (PPP):
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$31,800 (2006 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 0.9%
industry: 24.1%
services: 75% (2006 est.) |
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Labor force:
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30.48 million (2006 est.) |
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Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture: 1.4%
industry: 18.2%
services: 80.4% (2006 est.)
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Unemployment rate:
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2.9% (2006 est.) |
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Population below poverty line:
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17% (2002 est.)
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: 2.1%
highest 10%: 28.5% (1999) |
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Distribution of family income - Gini index:
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36 (1999) |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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2.3% (2006 est.) |
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Investment (gross fixed):
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18.1% of GDP (2006 est.) |
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Budget:
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revenues: $1.001 trillion
expenditures: $1.071 trillion; including capital
expenditures of $87 billion (2006 est.) |
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Public debt:
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42.7% of GDP (2006 est.) |
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Agriculture - products:
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cereals, oilseed, potatoes, vegetables; cattle, sheep,
poultry; fish |
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Industries:
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machine tools, electric power equipment, automation
equipment, railroad equipment, shipbuilding, aircraft, motor
vehicles and parts, electronics and communications
equipment, metals, chemicals, coal, petroleum, paper and
paper products, food processing, textiles, clothing, other
consumer goods |
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Industrial production growth rate:
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0% (2006 est.) |
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Electricity - production:
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372.6 billion kWh (2005) |
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Electricity - consumption:
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348.7 billion kWh (2005) |
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Electricity - exports:
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2.839 billion kWh (2005) |
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Electricity - imports:
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11.16 billion kWh (2005) |
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Oil - production:
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2.075 million bbl/day (2004 est.)
|
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Oil - consumption:
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1.827 million bbl/day (2004 est.)
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Oil - exports:
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1.956 million bbl/day (2004) |
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Oil - imports:
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1.654 million bbl/day (2004) |
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Oil - proved reserves:
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3.87 billion bbl (2006 est.) |
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Natural gas - production:
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84.16 billion cu m (2005 est.)
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Natural gas - consumption:
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91.16 billion cu m (2005 est.)
|
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Natural gas - exports:
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8.843 billion cu m (2005 est.)
|
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Natural gas - imports:
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15.84 billion cu m (2005) |
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Natural gas - proved reserves:
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509.2 billion cu m (1 January 2006 est.) |
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Current account balance:
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-$88.1 billion (2006 est.) |
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Exports:
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$450.3 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.)
|
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Exports - commodities:
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manufactured goods, fuels, chemicals; food, beverages,
tobacco |
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Exports - partners:
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US 13.9%, Germany 10.9%, France 10.4%, Ireland 7.1%,
Netherlands 6.3%, Belgium 5.2%, Spain 4.5% (2006) |
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Imports:
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$604.2 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.)
|
|
Imports - commodities:
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manufactured goods, machinery, fuels; foodstuffs |
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Imports - partners:
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Germany 12.8%, US 8.9%, France 6.9%, Netherlands 6.6%, China
5.3%, Norway 4.9%, Belgium 4.5% (2006) |
|
Economic aid - donor:
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ODA, $10.7 billion (2005) |
|
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|
$47.04 billion (2006 est.) |
|
Debt - external:
|
$8.28 trillion (30 June 2006)
|
|
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
|
$1.135 trillion (2006 est.) |
|
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
|
$1.487 trillion (2006 est.) |
|
Market value of publicly traded shares:
|
$3.058 trillion (2005) |
|
Currency (code):
|
British pound (GBP)
|
|
Exchange rates:
|
British pounds per US dollar - 0.5418 (2006), 0.5493 (2005),
0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003), 0.6672 (2002) |
|
Fiscal year:
|
6 April - 5 April
|
|
Airports:
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449 (2007) |
|
Airports - with paved runways:
|
total: 310
over 3,047 m: 8
2,438 to 3,047 m: 33
1,524 to 2,437 m: 131
914 to 1,523 m: 79
under 914 m: 59 (2007)
|
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Airports - with unpaved runways:
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total: 139
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 23
under 914 m: 113 (2007) |
|
Heliports:
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11 (2007) |
|
Pipelines:
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condensate 565 km; condensate/gas 6 km; gas 21,575 km;
liquid petroleum gas 59 km; oil 5,094 km; oil/gas/water 161
km; refined products 4,444 km (2006) |
|
Railways:
|
total: 16,567 km
broad gauge: 303 km 1.600-m gauge (in Northern
Ireland)
standard gauge: 16,264 km 1.435-m gauge (5,361 km
electrified) (2006) |
|
Roadways:
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total: 388,008 km
paved: 388,008 km (includes 3,520 km of expressways)
(2005)
|
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Waterways:
|
3,200 km (620 km used for commerce) (2003) |
|
Merchant marine:
|
total: 474 ships (1000 GRT or over) 11,723,618 GRT/12,315,588
DWT
by type: bulk carrier 26, cargo 60, carrier 4,
chemical tanker 56, container 156, liquefied gas 18,
passenger 10, passenger/cargo 62, petroleum tanker 27,
refrigerated cargo 17, roll on/roll off 24, vehicle carrier
14
foreign-owned: 242 (Australia 1, Cyprus 1, Denmark
61, Finland 1, France 9, Germany 71, Greece 6, Hong Kong 2,
Ireland 1, Italy 4, Japan 1, Netherlands 2, NZ 1, Norway 33,
South Africa 4, Sweden 19, Switzerland 1, Taiwan 11, Turkey
2, US 11)
registered in other countries: 412 (Algeria 12,
Antigua and Barbuda 4, Argentina 4, Australia 2, Bahamas 68,
Barbados 3, Bermuda 20, Brunei 8, Cape Verde 1, Cayman
Islands 9, Cyprus 21, Faroe Islands 1, Gibraltar 3, Greece
15, Hong Kong 32, India 1, Indonesia 3, Italy 7, South Korea
1, Liberia 74, Luxembourg 7, Malta 12, Marshall Islands 17,
Netherlands 7, Norway 9, Panama 35, Papua New Guinea 6,
Singapore 13, Slovakia 1, St Vincent and The Grenadines 9,
Sweden 2, Thailand 3, Tonga 1, US 1, unknown 1) (2007) |
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